Review Article On Training Your Dog Humanely Part One

Training Your Dog Humanely: Part One By Ed Schofield | Submitted On September 06, 2016 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Ed Schofield Welcome the Dog to the Human World Have you ever watched The Dog Whisperer and thought, Wow, that guy is amazing! What a great way to train a dog! I know I have many times. Cesar Milan teaches one basic principle about dogs - a dog is a pack animal by instinct. According to Cesar, your job is to become the pack leader, a dominant Alpha male/female with balance . I guess by balance he means you should treat the animal fairly, as they would expect to be treated in a wild pack. He gets very good and fast results with this method. I won t say it s a bad method, but it s not the way I choose to train my dogs and here s why. There s one thing very wrong with the you re the pack leader concept - it assumes the dog inhabits a dog s world, and for you to control it, you must behave as a dog would, the Alpha male or female of the pack. For the majority of dogs who are family pets this means the owner will treat the animal as though it had only instinctual processes going on in its head, no rational thought processes. ToShow MoreRelatedBreed Specific Legislation Persuasive Speech Outline2237 Words   |  9 Pagesbulls and even require that a pit bull be put down. In this game, you are giving a death sentence to one dog. Will you choose the right one? [Can you find the pit bull on line game] B. Relation to audience: By a show of hands, how many of you have a pet you consider to be part of your family? Think about how you would feel if a law banned the breed of your pet and you had two choices: 1. Hand your pet over to animal control or 2. Move somewhere else. C. Credibility: As you all know, I amRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesF i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user Ask your local representative for details! Collaborate with your colleagues, find a mentor, attend virtual and live events, and view resources www.WhereFacultyConnect.com Pre-loaded, ready-to-useRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pages996748 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING 75 Arlington Street, Suite 300 Boston, MA 02116 A Pearson Education Company iii iv Table of Contents SECTION ONE ................................................................. 1 An Investment Perspective and Human Resources .... 2 HUMAN RESOURCE INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS ...6 INVESTMENTS IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ..... 14 INVESTMENT PRACTICES FOR IMPROVED RETENTION ............................................................ 32 INVESTMENTS IN JOB-SECURERead MoreSecurity Forces51988 Words   |  208 PagesCOURSE (SFAC) TECHNICAL TRAINING (TECH. TRNG.) STUDY GUIDE (SG) L3ABR3P031 0S1C BLOCK IV GROUND COMBAT SKILLS STUDY GUIDE Effective 17 February 2011 37 TRAINING WING 37 TRAINING GROUP 343 TRAINING SQUADRON LACKLAND AFB/ CAMP BULLIS â€Å"DOD Unclassified Controlled Nuclear Information (UCNI)† Designed for AETC Course Use, Not Intended For Use on the Job Opr: 343d Training Squadron/DORT DSN: 473-6008 SECURITY FORCES APPRENTICE COURSE (SFAC) TECHNICAL TRAINING (TECH. TRNG.) STUDYRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesis an essential part of a strategic management course and is also perhaps the most entertaining part of such a course. The ‘full story’ that follows this summary gives you considerable detail about how to go about a case analysis, but for now here is a brief account. Before we start, a word about attitude – make it a real exercise. You have a set of historical facts; use a rigorous system to work out what strategies should be followed. All the cases are about real companies, and one of the entertaining

Praise Song for the Day †Interpretation Free Essays

Praise Song For The Day November 26, 2012 This poem, Praise Song for the Day by Elizabeth Alexander, is one of the most memorable poems that have been recited within the last 20 years. Immediately after President Obama was sworn into office, Elizabeth Alexander recited her poem to the masses that had gathered on that cold winter day in January. The piece is full of symbolism, with the tone being hopeful, inspiring and thankful. We will write a custom essay sample on Praise Song for the Day – Interpretation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The poem begins with a description of daily life which is filled with the daily grind of hard working individuals, often doing the work that drives this great nation of ours†¦small businesses, blue-collar laborers, honorable professions such as teaching. The possibility of coming together as a people in spite of our differences is expressed in terms of our words (â€Å"spiny or smooth†¦words to consider, reconsider†). From will to words to concrete results (e. g. , highways), we interact with each other–past and present. The boundary of a highway may inspire someone today to go further and see what else is possible, keeping hopeful aspirations alive by â€Å"see(ing) what’s on the other side. At the same time that we fear the uncertainties of the future (which also divides us), we can envision it in terms of its possibilities (â€Å"We need to find a place where we are safe; We walk into that which we cannot yet see†). I think she is trying to say that we should also honor the sacrifices of poor, immigrant laborers of the past who made our present reality possible as well as the modern immigrant laborers who continue to build upon the dreams of their ancestors. â€Å"Say it plain, that many have died for this day. Sing the names of the dead who brought us here, who laid the train tracks, raised the bridges, picked the cotton and the lettuce, built brick by brick the glittering edifices they would then keep clean and work inside of†) The resolution of conflicts between people has many routes. For families it may be â€Å"figuring it out at kitchen tables† while other conflicts require political movements, struggle, and protest. This poem is a song of praise for such peaceful resolutions and for this historical inaugural day which would not have been possible without the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. The religious belief systems of different peoples that allow us to get along with other peoples differ in degree. The poem presents an even stronger concept of love that goes beyond â€Å"Love thy neighbor as thy self†, and even beyond â€Å"marital, filial, national. † Some believe the way to unity is to avoid being selfish, not hurting others, and treating others as you would your compatriots, your kin, or yourself. This poem suggests there is a love that extends beyond those whom we are familiar with to include â€Å"a widening pool of light. Finally, in relation to the present day, there is a sense of the immense possibilities (â€Å"anything can be made, any sentence begun†). This is contained in the words that may inspire others to action that may bring such a love closer toward reality. From disunity (â€Å"walking past each other†) to blindly â€Å"walk[ing] into that which we cannot yet see,† this poem now suggests the alternative of †Å"walking forward in that light† guided by a new vision of a love that may unite us. I focused on the symbolic element of the poem, because I liked the presentation and how it flowed. It made me think about how far we’ve come in this country. I believe that Elizabeth draws the reader into the poem just I was drawn, by suggesting that we as a nation that was literally built off the labor of slave labor and indentured servants, has evolved into a country that elected its first African-American President. Each day we go about our business, walking past each other, catching each other’s eyes or not, about to speak or speaking. All about us is noise. All about us is noise and bramble, thorn and din, each one of our ancestors on our tongues. Someone is stitching up a hem, darning a hole in a uniform, patching a tire, repairing the things in need of repair. Someone is trying to make music somewhere, with a pair of wooden spoons on an oil drum, with cello, boom box, harmonica, voice. A woman and her son wait for the bus. A farmer considers the changing sky. A teacher says, Take out your pencils. Begin. We encounter each other in words, words spiny or smooth, whispered or declaimed, words to consider, reconsider. We cross dirt roads and highways that mark the will of some one and then others, who said I need to see what’s on the other side. I know there’s something better down the road. We need to find a place where we are safe. We walk into that which we cannot yet see. Say it plain: that many have died for this day. Sing the names of the dead who brought us here, who laid the train tracks, raised the bridges, picked the cotton and the lettuce, built brick by brick the glittering edifices they would then keep clean and work inside of. Praise song for struggle, praise song for the day. Praise song for every hand-lettered sign, the figuring-it-out at kitchen tables. Some live by love thy neighbor as thyself, others by first do no harm or take no more than you need. What if the mightiest word is love? Love beyond marital, filial, national, love that casts a widening pool of light, love with no need to pre-empt grievance. In today’s sharp sparkle, this winter air, any thing can be made, any sentence begun. On the brink, on the brim, on the cusp, praise song for walking forward in that light. Alexander, E. (2009, Feb). Retrieved Nov 26, 2012, from Poetry Foundation. org: http://www. poetryfoundation. org/poem/244896 How to cite Praise Song for the Day – Interpretation, Essay examples

Professor notes about Kant’s Synthesis of Empiricism and Rationalism

Question: Describe about Kants Synthesis of Empiricism and Rationalism? Answer: Introduction The paper reflects on the two methods in order to approach the problems of current philosophy such as rationalism and empiricism. First, the researcher attempted to explain the theories of knowledge in both rationalisms as well as empiricism. Both of these methods contribute to the demystification of understanding through their perceptive philosophies. The thesis statement of this study reveals that how Kants synthesis of rationalism, as well as empiricism, results in criticism. Kants Synthesis of Empiricism and Rationalism Kant desires to keep both empiricism and rationalism, assumed that the senses convey to the intellect the thing that is understood by the sense of the understanding (Kant). Using these two philosophical methods, Kant claims that our observations, which are the demonstration of the sensations, bring to be known the subject, which is plugged into prior types of understandings (Bozzo). Kant said that most interesting and required ranges of human knowledge relied upon "synthetic a priori judgments." It is possible when the mind concludes the conditions of its knowledge. It is seen that the brilliance of Kant is the synthesis argues of empiricist through the claims of the rationalist. It is a synthesis of what is to be claimed is the initial starting place of the knowledge. Rationalism is the theoretical viewpoint of the knowledge, which beliefs the perfectibility of the individual reason. Due to a school of thinking, rationalism disagrees that both the methods claim that the world is seized by the capability of prior cause without the necessitate on the sense experience. Vanzo opined that a person, who holds to rationalism, is very optimistic about the control of reason as well as they have a great regard to their fate based on the assumption that they think clearly as well as distinctly. This system appeared in various period, but this system mainly achieves the highest level during 17th and 18th century. Empiricism follows the Aristotle's dictum such as "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the senses." By this argument, it focuses on the truth claims about the reality if it is verified through sense-experience. Bozzo opined that a consistent rationalist ends up in dogmatism as because the use of reason without an antecedent analyze of its capacity. Kant defends against the empiricist as because there is a reduction in all the knowledge to experience (Brittan). As Kant agrees with the concept of rationalist, therefore there is prior cognitions empiricism that ends up in skepticism as because there is an impossibility of universal as well as required judgment. Conclusion It is concluded that the problems of empiricism, as well as rationalism, is resulting from the relevant fundamentals principles that describe the faculties through which the knowledge is gained. Empiricism is defined by the importance of the posterior conclusions as well as awareness gained commencing which it is encountered in knowledge. However, rationalism is the highlighting on the movement of the mind in order to grow knowledge from the sources outside the instant scale of knowledge as well as sense perception. References Bozzo, Alexander. "The Cambridge Companion to Kants Critique of Pure Reason."Kant-Studien106.1 (2015): 136-142. Brittan Jr, Gordon G.Kant's theory of science. Princeton University Press, 2015. Kant, Immanuel. "Critique of Pure Reason, A270/B326A278/B334 (excerpt)."Consciousness in the Physical World: Perspectives on Russellian Monism(2015): 19. Vanzo, Alberto. "Kant on empiricism and rationalism."History of Philosophy Quarterly30.1 (2013): 53-74.

The Haunting a chilling film Essay Example For Students

The Haunting a chilling film Essay What technique does Robert Wise use, particularly in the opening sequence to make The Haunting (1963) a chilling film? What other features strike you as important to the films success?  There have been two major versions of The Haunting: one in 1963 (the original) and another in 1999.  The first version was an amazing hit and claimed almost cult status, while the second was a flop on its opening day. It had nowhere near the same impact on the public as the original did thirty-six years before. The 1999 production of the film had all the modern benefits of a big budget, famous Hollywood actors and actresses and special effects created using computers. We will write a custom essay on The Haunting a chilling film specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Even at the time of the release of the original film other very well known and popular horror films such as Psycho used some quite advanced special effects and some even used colour film (which The Haunting is not filmed in). The Haunting used obscure actors and actresses and the entire film cost very little to make and yet still seemed to do better than the multi-million dollar production some years later.  The film had help in its success as horror films came into main stream cinema at that time and so this could have helped the film, as it was something new on the horror scene. It had a new twist to horror and even a love theme all the way through added to the excitement and anticipation of the film. The whole story was new to the public this film was popular later on. The film was proof that the horror does not need to be obvious or even visible to be scary. The film used this technique so well that it has had a few films imitate this unseen horror in their horror productions, such as The Blair Witch Project which was a very big hit at the cinemas recently. It is also proof that special effects and big actors dont make the film good or particularly special. This is clear from the remake, which failed, and used much more obvious horror and special effects, perhaps to try to get a wider audience and update the film. I feel this need not be done as the film will last in peoples minds as a classic film and has not been remade convincingly or improved on. The special effects in this film are very primitive; there were no big explosions and definitely no computer effects used to try to create a monster. In fact not a single monster or ghost was seen in the film which makes it far more chilling to watch and also to think about after watching it because of the mystery haunt the house pushes on its guests. Robert Shaw used camera angles and special lighting to achieve the eerie parts of his film. One very special shot used is of an object falling close up and from above falling into shot. In the very first scene the original tenants are on their way to the house and there is a small riff of chilling music (which is also very important). The cart the lady of the house is in is turned over and crashes into a tree and then a close up on the cart sees her fall from above the frame and this technique is used other times too. When another lady of the house hangs herself you see her climb the library stair and then a shot focusing on the floor is intruded on by her body falling and then hanging from above. At the end of the film one of the main characters is driving away from the house and dies in an almost exact reconstruction of the crash and hits the same tree, and is followed by a close up and falling hand as before. This was very deliberate as Shaw was trying to show that with the haunted house nothing changes and probably never will. .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 , .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 .postImageUrl , .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 , .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40:hover , .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40:visited , .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40:active { border:0!important; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40:active , .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40 .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaeccc161dbb2202c273729c735482c40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A comparison of the animated films EssayThe camera angles have a very voyeuristic look to them as if each person in the house is being watched from above or from a doorway and as the lighting is so dark they could be watching from anywhere. The main examples of this are as if the occupants are being watched from a window in the house and from a balcony inside. Close up shots play an important part to the film as they give a scale to the house during the film and as mentioned above, are a good way to scare an audience. The lighting is very important. The house is very dimly lit and the dark almost seems to envelop the visitors to the house. It always seems to be nighttime in the house, making a very timeless environment. The house from the outside has a gloomy sky and dark windows that just adds to the menacing look to the building.  The very beginning of the film gives you a clue to what is to come, mostly through the music. It uses deep bass and high pitch violins to represent the horror of the house and the music is muddled and sounds almost chaotic with its jumpy and sudden jolts of high screams from violins backed by low fearful tones from bass sounding instruments. In between these bars of fearful music are tender tones, which are reminiscent of an old love song giving an insight to a possible love affair in the house, which strongly emerges through the horror surrounding the house. The main effects in the film are the hauntings, which are mostly down to  good acting as the reactions of the actors to a loud boom and slow turning door handles really are the chill behind the noise, their reactions are so fearful to watch they make the watcher feel scared. The actors use feelings of fear to scare and its the scream of the women and not the scratching at the door which causes the shock, as the haunt is not always visible, it is usually a feeling of pure fear to the occupants. The physical haunts are also very horrific, as the noise from them can be very disturbing. A childs crying is chilling in the dark and being alone in a room where the door handles are being turned slowly is worse when you cant see or even know whats behind it. Shaw uses the mystery to scare, although it is more subtle than some ways of scaring people, it works just as well if not better. The scenery plays an important part in the film, using very dominant statues and ancient ornaments adds an overwhelming feeling of being watched (along with the camera work).  The film has a very unique structure and uses love relations and hate relations between the characters to help the story line.  The way Shaw uses the thoughts of one of the characters is a very important and good way of getting across the point of view of this one character. She is very important in the film and she feels the house has singled her out as she has physic powers and is deeply scared by the death of her mother. She is sent into madness by the house, giving the viewer an insight into how the house affects the people in it. This was an original twist to the film and gave it an edge. The characters chosen were an asset to the film, the atmosphere between them gave hints to their pasts and their feelings, as the group spend more time together the atmosphere becomes almost sexually charged as the script begins to suggest a love triangle with attractions between the group.  These things all add to the film to make it original and excellent film, its new and groundbreaking filming and writing make this film a once in a lifetime film which can never be reproduced in such a way as has been proved by its recent remake.

Political Issues of Animal Farm essays

Political Issues of Animal Farm essays Eric Arthur Blair, better known by his pseudonym George Orwell, is an English author commonly known to write about political issues. Orwell has been highly acclaimed and criticized for his novels, including one of his most famous, Animal Farm. In a satirical form, George Orwell uses personified farm animals to express his views on Stalinism in the novel Animal Farm. Throughout Orwell's early novels, democratic socialism kept the author from total despair of all humans. After his better experience in the Spanish Civil War and the shock of the Nazi-Soviet pact, Orwell developed Animal Farm. The socialism Orwell believed in was not a hardheaded "realistic" approach to society and politics but a rather sentimental, utopian vision of the world as a "raft sailing through space, with, potentially, plenty of provisions for everybody". Animal Farm is a satirical beast fable, which has been heralded as Orwell's lightest, gayest work. It is a novel based on the first thirty years of the Soviet Union, a real society pursuing the ideal of equality. His book argues that this kind of society has not worked and could not. Animal Farm has also been known as a an entertaining, witty tale of a farm whose oppressed animals, capable of speech and reason, overcome a cruel master and set up a revolutionary government. On another, more serious level, it is a political allegory, a symbolic tale where all the events and characters represent events and characters in Russian history since 1917. Orwell uses actual historical events to construct Animal Farm, but rearranges them to fit his plot. Manor Farm is Russia, Mr. Jones the czar, the pigs the Bolsheviks who led the revolution. The humans represent the ruling class, the animals the workers and the peasants. Old Major, the inspiration of the rebellion, is a combination of Marx, the chief theorist and Lenin, the actual leader. Old Major dies before the rebellion just as Lenin did in the Russian revolutio...

Aristotle

The virtuous person always exhibits an affectation in the appropriate amount. -for ex. Truthfulness: virtue regarding telling the truth about oneself? Defect: self-depreciating Excess: phony omnipotence- all power and unlimited power †¢Distinguish goods that are, according to Aristotle, valued for the sake of other things, valued for their own sake, and valued for their own sake and for the sake of other things you want some things that gets you other stuff. or example money so its a sake for other things. valued for own sake-having a yacht gives you pleasure but then enjoying it with more friends and travel the world and give you more pleasure. the one good. happiness is the one thing that every one wants and is valued for its own sake. That which is valued only for its own sake and for whose sake everything else is desired †¢That which is valued for its own sake and for the sake of other things †¢That which is valued only for the sake of other things Discuss why Aristotle rejects conventional views that identify happiness with pleasure, honor, and virtue, and what he thinks this tells us about the nature of happiness Aristotle rejects three common conceptions of happiness—pleasure, honor, and wealth. Happiness, he says, cannot be identified with any of these things (even though all three may be part of an overall happy life). Pleasure, he says, is found in satisfying desires—but whether or not we can satisfy our desires is as much up to chance as it is up to us. †¢The life of pleasure. Problem: the life fit for a pig †¢The life of honor. Problem: not under our control †¢The life of virtue. Problem: compatible with inaction †¢Distinguish between psychological, somatic, and external goods, explaining how they contribute to Aristotle’s conception of happiness External goods- attractiveness, wealth.. Psychological Goods- mental health.. Somatic goods- â€Å"Nonetheless, happiness evidently needs external goods to be added, as we said, since we cannot, or cannot easily, do fine actions if we lack the resources. For, first of all, in many actions we use friends, wealth, and political power just as we use instruments. Further, deprivation of certain things —for instance, good birth, good children, beauty— mars our blessedness. For we do not altogether have the character of happiness if we look utterly repulsive or are ill-born, solitary, or childless; and we have it even less, presumably, if our children or friends are totally bad, or were good but have died †¢Discuss the roles of habituation and right reason in Aristotle’s analysis of virtuous action function of human beings is knowledge and it what eparates from animals. virtuous action is what a rational person who acts for the right reason. but you also have to feel the correct emotions and feelings to do virtuous actions and be properly affected which means that you find the right things pleasant. and wants to do the right thing. so if you dont feel like you want to give money to homeless and still give it it do es not count as a virtous thing. the teachers ice cream technique- dont want to do it but do it for ice cream but over time the kids want to do it because it is the virtuous thing to do. Identify and describe Aristotle’s three requirements for friendship and his three different kinds of friendship Pleasure-friendships- Most common among theyoung, fades easily utility-friendships,- most common among the old and also fades easily. character-friendships- You love a person because of the good qualities she or he possesses. genuine friendship. †¢Explain what Aristotle means when he claims that friends are â€Å"second selves† â€Å"A friend is a second self, so that our consciousness of a friends existence makes us more fully conscious of our own existence. and Friendly relations with one’s neighbors, and the marks by which friendships are defined, seem to have proceeded from a man’s relation with himself. For men think a friend is one who wishes well and does what is good, or seems so, for the sake of his friend, or one who wishes his friend to exist and live, for his sake† †¢Explain why Aquinas thinks God’s existence is self-evident, why it nonetheless may not be evident to us, and how Aquinas thinks God’s existence can be made evident Not every human realizes the existence of god. †¢Examples of self-evident propositions: A pig is an animal; a bachelor is an unmarried male †¢Being self-evident in itself versus self-evident to us †¢Aquinas: â€Å"I maintain that God exists is self-evident in itself since its subject and predicate are identical†¦[but] the proposition is not self-evident to us† (197). †¢Question 02: can God’s existence be made evident? †¢Perhaps God’s existence is an article of faith, not of reason †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"There are two types of demonstration: those that argue from cause to effect†¦and those that argue from effect to cause† (198). †¢Hitting a pool ball, pressing the ‘on’ button, hand on the stove So, from what effects do we infer God’s existence? †¢God’s effects in the world, Mozart and his music †¢Understand Aquinas’ ‘unmoved mover’ and ‘teleological’ arguments for the existence of God and articulate at least one objection to each Argument one of five : the unmoved mover (200). Everything has a cause, but causes can’t go on infinitely. The first uncaused cause is God. Objections: why must it be God? Maybe time is infinite? Telos: the end toward which a thing strives. Everything in nature has a telos. If a thing is non-intelligent, some intelligence must give it its telos. Objection: nature is not telonic in this way †¢Discuss why the question ‘can God create a stone that God cannot lift? ’ is said to be paradoxical and how Aquinas tries to resolve the paradox †¢The paradox of omnipotence: can God create a stone he cannot lift? †¢If God can, there is something God cannot do, i. e. , lift the stone †¢If God cannot, there is something God cannot do, i. e. , create the stone †¢If there is something God cannot do, God is not omnipotent †¢Therefore, God is not omnipotent †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"So we conclude that God’s power extends to anything possible in itself and not implying contradiction. Clearly then God is called omnipotent because he can do everything possible in itself. † (p. 249). because if god cannot lift the the stone he created, he is not omintipitent and also if he cannot create that he cannot lift therefore he is not omnipotent so either way god is not omnipotent so aquinas says that god creates certain laws in the universe that he himself cannot break which is considered absolute possibility and relativee possibility is what he can change. †¢Explain what Aquinas means when he claims evil does not exist because evil does not exit because evil is absence of happiness Understand the weak and strong versions of the problem of evil and discuss Aquinas’ solution to the problem Strong version of the problem †¢If an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God exists, then evil does not exist †¢Evil exists †¢ Therefore, an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God does not exist Weak version of the problem †¢Evil exists †¢The non-existence of God is a more plausible explanation of evil than is the existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God †¢Therefore, it’s more plausible that God does not exist If an omnipotent, omniscient, perfectly good God exists, then evil does not exist Aquinas’ answer to the problem of evil †¢Why is there evil and sin in thet world? †¢Evil is the necessary result of freedom of the will †¢Thus, God does not command sin, God permits sin †¢Does God cause evil and sin? †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"God is responsible for sinful actions but not for sins† 296 †¢Distinguish Aquinas’ conceptions of eternal, natural, and human law †¢Human law †¢ Quoting Cicero: â€Å"laws start with what nature produces, then by use of reason certain things become customs, and finally things produced by nature and tested by custom are sanctified with†¦the weight of laws† (420). Eternal law †¢God as divine legislator: â€Å"Clearly†¦the entire community of the universe is governed by God’s reason† (417). †¢Divine providence: ordering of the universe toward good †¢Natural law †¢Non-moral sense: laws of nature. †¢Moral sense: guides the actions of animals †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Since everything subjected to God’s providence is measured by the standards of his eternal law, as we have said, everything shares in some way in the eternal law, bearing its imprint in the form of a natural tendency to pursue the behavior and goals appropriate to it. Reasoning creatures are subject to God’s providence is a special, more profound way than others by themselves sharing in the planning† (418). Eternal law is identical to the mind of God as seen by God himself. It can be called law because God stands to the universe which he creates as a ruler does to a community which he rules. When Gods reason is considered as it is understood by God.

The Manifestation of Stress within an Organization Dissertation

The Manifestation of Stress within an Organization - Dissertation Example Workers who are stressed out are highly likely to be unproductive at work, have less motivation to work and will be less safe to have at work because being stressful means that there huge mood fluctuations that a person goes through and when that happens, he can take out his agitation on others and release the stress he has been building up inside him through aggression. This might destroy the work environment, thereby rendering the stress factor unsafe at work. Stress is the result of pressures from either home or work. Whatever is the source of stress, it usually cannot be helped by individuals. It is not like that stress cannot be prevented at all. It can be prevented if all the right measures are taken, especially when it comes to your workplace and the task that has been assigned. (James, 1983) When a worker feels stressed out, does he feel the urge to be absent at his workplace or does that further encourage him to go to his workplace? This is the question that this research paper focuses on. Since time immemorial, absenteeism has been a very common thing in workplaces. It also somehow makes a loophole in the office as when one person is absent; a single loop in the whole chain is missing which somehow decreases the rate at which things take place. Therefore, there is a need to find that when stress occurs, does it directly relate to being absent, not being absent and preferring to be in the workplace or it has absolutely no connection with absenteeism at all. (Jeanne, 1998)

Freud on Civilization and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Freud on Civilization and Religion - Essay Example Naturally, civilization and religion have held the interest of many philosophers and sociologists alike. The well-known Austrian psycho-analyst and neurologist Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939) was one of them, who held the view that mankind would be better off without belief in God - "It would be an undoubted advantage if we were to leave God out altogether and admit the purely human origins of all the precepts and regulations of civilization." (PBS 2). This essay shall briefly discuss the basis on which Freud places his argument to denounce civilization and religion, in the book â€Å"The Future of an Illusion† (1928). Freud scorns at any attempt to differentiate between culture and civilization; they provide on with two aspects of the same thing – the mastering of natural forces by collectively acquired knowledge and power to satisfy man’s individual needs and, in order to facilitate and distribute/regulate â€Å"attainable riches† (Freud 8-9). And cul ture or civilization selectively permits certain actions and condemns some others which lead to â€Å"privations† – in other words they are the frustrations caused by unfulfilled instincts, like incest, cannibalism etc (Freud 17). These â€Å"external compulsions† become â€Å"internalized† in the process of forma â€Å"super-ego† (Freud 18) which then judges within a wide range of such acquired information as to what is permissible and what isn’t permissible. This then becomes the greatest tool in the hands of culture or civilization.... Religion, Civilization and Freud According to Freud, man has devised the concept of God - a father-figure whom he dreads and always reveres, seeks to propitiate, and looks to for constant protection as the consequence of his own human limitations and weaknesses. Religion, therefore is born out of culture, primarily due to "the necessity for defending itself against the crushing supremacy of nature;" secondly, there was a pressing need to correct the perceived "imperfections of culture" (Freud 37). His perception of religion and its origins thus explained, he gradually builds his arguments against religion and civilization, stating that despite having had thousands of years to show what it can achieve, it has hardly done enough for mankind (Freud 60); and unlike scientific theories and laws, the dogmas or religion discourage testing and probe for proof, on grounds that they deserve to be believed, and they have been already tested and handed down since times of yore, and they were unquestionable (Freud 45). He deno unces these arguments stating for example, while the scientific theory that the earth is globe can be proved and its accuracy ascertained, religious dogmas were full of "contradictions, revisions, and interpolations; where they speak of actual authentic proofs they are themselves of doubtful authenticity" (Freud 46). Freud questions that if religious truths solely depended "on an inner experience" for proof, "what is one to make of the many people who do not have that rare experience" (Freud 49) He concludes of religions that they are "illusions, they do not admit of proof, and no one can be compelled to consider them as true or to believe in them." (Freud 55). Freud states

Major problems Facing Christianity Essay Example for Free

Major problems Facing Christianity Essay All world religions face unprecedented times in the 21st century. The challenges are diverse and do not have easy solutions. The modern world has seen an amalgamation of global value systems and a similar confluence of socio-political ideologies and philosophies because of advances in information technology and the increased mobility made possible by modern day technology. It is feasible to find a representative of all the world major religions in each country. This has meant that the observance of each religion is no longer a mystical matter left for the convents and monasteries, but has become one that can be easily and readily scrutinized and compared with alternatives which by the way do not have to be religious. In considering these challenges, those that affect Christianity can represent to a fair degree the struggles the others are facing and can provide a platform for the discussion of these forces. Christianity is by design an expansionist religion. Jesus sent out his disciples with the express command to evangelize all the nations. It is therefore the core duty of every Christian to spread the faith. Globalization is probably the most significant force affecting world religions, both serving and limiting the. Many technological changes took place in the closing half of the 20th century epitomized by the rise of the internet symbolizes the rise of the global village. Substantial changes include increasing ease of commercial travel by jets and high-speed trains, efficient telephone systems and powerful radio’s, the television set and a very efficient and diversified print and electronic media. The world has enjoyed many benefits because of these and indeed, even Christianity has had powerful tools to take its message across the world. Many a televangelist and bible teachers go on air in daily or weekly broadcasts, some with a global audience. Taped messages are downloadable from the internet as podcasts. Even if it is not possible to get the message in real time, it remains available for anyone to get it and watch or listen to it at their convenience. As commercial empires have grown into multinationals, so have efficient delivery networks, which now ensure the timely delivery of CD’s and DVD’s, magazines and newspapers to a global audience. However, these means for dissemination of information have not been available to just the Christian enterprise, they have also available to other establishments that have competing interests, usually commercial, and at times ideological that have employed them to good effect. A Christian watching television is not only watching popular televangelists preach the gospel, but at the comfortable press of a remote button, can watch virtually anything else. These options do not always complement the message heard but at times even go against the Christian value system. A Christian therefore is under immense pressure to conform to the prevailing worldview, as he does not live in a shielded Christian community, but rather in an information razzmatazz for which he has to sift through consistently, if he is to retain and spread the Christian message. As Smart (2000) puts it, â€Å"Even if each tradition stays true to its own message, it will have to operate in a context of this federal world civilization. † Secularization, which is a force to reckon with, has made it more difficult to proselytize. Faith is regarded as a personal issue and hence attempts to discuss faith in non-Christian settings with the hope of making disciples have become an uncomfortable, if not offensive undertaking. Decisions about what faith to ascribe to are made personally and increasingly, privately. After all, isn’t Christianity just one of the options? As Smart (2000) explains, â€Å"Making religion a private matter can also lead to a religion’s becoming just a minor element in a total fabric of living†. Smart (2000) adds, â€Å"Just as a person belongs to the golf club, so that person may join a church.† New age thinking has also made its blow on Christianity. Christianity claims exclusivity of access to salvation, and an exclusive personal God. One of the key new age values is tolerance to all religious beliefs and belief systems. Christianity therefore finds itself in a place where it must find a means of relating with the rest of the world religions, violating the fundamental belief in a single way to salvation. In addition, some of the practices of other religions meet the Christian threshold for classification as idolatry. This just serves to multiply the points of conflict. Further on, the modern world, especially those parts where democracy is dominant, acceptance in matters such as homosexuality is encouraged. This becomes a difficult undertaking for a traditional Christian, as it is excruciating for them to reconcile the practice of the Christian faith with homosexuality and therefore will demand a renouncement of the practice of homosexuality before Christian fellowship can commence. Another area of difficulty for the Christian faith has been the place of women in leadership. Feministic influence has pervaded traditional Christian leadership set up where formal overall leadership was the preserve of men. The Catholic Church still holds to this ideal, while the Anglican Communion has opened its priesthood in women. Protestant congregations and denominations seem to have much more flexibility in the matter, with a large number of women pastors and bishops, in some cases as the overall head of a denomination. Radicalization of faith has brought its share of problems to the world in general. Smart (2000) says, â€Å"Other sects are, in principle or in practice, at odds with society, and seek to change it radically, possibly by rebellion and upheaval. † Many people view Christianity as a western religion. Those who have any disagreements with the west therefore consider Christianity as a legitimate representative of the west. In countries where Christians are in the minority, militant religious fundamentalists have attacked them or their institutions as revenge against the west. State control has also had its punch at the Christian faith. Most of the socialist states such as the former USSR and China have had a very rigid stance against religion in general and Christianity has suffered as one of them. In others, proselytizing is illegal and attracts severe penalty. The spread of the Christian faith remains impeded thus. The Christian message along with that of other world religions has become more difficult to sell in a materialistic society. People do not see why they should wait for a coming glory when they can have the good life now made possible by modernization, which has generally increased the living standards in the world, most pronounced in the western world. â€Å"Then again, the new forms of social and economic organization promised a richer life here and now† (Smart, 2000, p. 138) It will be interesting to see how Christianity evolves in the coming age when each of these forces will have had sufficient time to unleash their full impact.

Who Has Seen The Wind: Meaning Of Life Essay -- essays research papers

Who Has Seen the Wind: Meaning of Life From the time people are born, until they die, it is only a natural thing to want to keep learning about their life and to figure out why they were put on this earth. From the very beginning of life, babies want to touch and experience everything around them. Throughout the novel, Who Has Seen the Wind by W.O. Mitchell, Brian O'Connal has found himself with a tremendous hunger to discover the real meaning of life. Clearly, then, Brian always searches for new ways to learn about the world he lives in. One of the things that Brian shows an interest in is God. Brian really wants to meet Him, not knowing that God is something that cannot be seen, for He is a spirit. Brian would say "Lets go over to his place"(7). Throughout the novel, Brian seems to be looking for God. He has his own image of God in his mind, thinking that "God rides the vacuum cleaner"(31). Brian learns the truth about God from different people like his parents, Saint Sammy, Mr. Hislop, his grandma, and his friends. He discovers that God is everywhere and in everyone, but He cannot be seen. Furthermore, Brian is very much interested, like many other children his age, about where living things come from. Being as young as he was, he always thought that God delivered babies. After Brian witnessed his very first birth, that of a rabbit, he became very confused and curious about what and how it happened. Brian had a very uncomfort...

Pessimism…just another form of reality? Essay

A glass is partially filled with water. Is it half empty†¦or is it half full? The day you forget to pack your umbrella just happens to be the one and only day that the weathermen had not expected the torrential downpours that have just made you look like a bedraggled water rat. Do you full and well accept the fact that, that would have happened and you continue to berate yourself for forgetting your umbrella†¦or do you continue on the day with the thought that nothing could have been worse and the fact that rain is only just a bit of water? I am a natural born pessimistic who always expects the worse in any situation, no matter how positive the horizon may look. I look at life as if it were just an amalgamation of wires all leading to the negative terminal. Any positive ray of hope is instantaneously hosed down into a scorched mark on the ground. Therefore, when I first read through the novel the Lord of the Flies in my own spare time, I found that I was compelled by the fascinating slant that William Golding had taken on society in general. To have the sheer courage to produce, what was considered to be nearly ‘blasphemous’ at the time, deserves to be congratulated. If I wore a hat, then yes, I would indeed take my hat off to Golding, as he is truly worthy of such merits. Coral Island. Law and Order. Lord of the Flies. War and riot. Imagine being stranded on an island. No one to disapprove your behaviour, no one to dictate your life. Too much freedom can be a great sin. This example of free will and no discipline is clearly defined through the novel, the Lord of the Flies. A third of the way in, William Golding demonstrates the preliminary stages of human transformation, from the well-educated man to the savage beast. The first four chapters stage the development of Jack, Ralph, Roger and Piggy, who strive to find a new way of life after being abandoned on a desert island. Them fruit. This is the first example of how the children have lost control of their eating habits. Instead of sticking to the traditional – three meals a day – they ate until they were full or they ate as soon as they caught sight of food. Piggy in this case, has severe diarrhoea symptoms, as he has simply stuffed himself with fruit. Therefore, he has to constantly relieve the pain and concentration that contorted his rounded face when he had diarrhoea. As Ralph became conscious of the weight of his clothes he threw them off fiercely. So the well-dressed English School Boy disregarded his relation back to the real world and he felt as if he was finally in control of his life, yet he did not realise that the law and order was slowly receding into the misty horizon. The distinction between the mild-mouthed boys to the brutal fiend became clearer and clearer. To the other boys, a reminder of civilisation troubled them, however to Piggy, the grey shirt was pleasing. The distant reminder of control and security of the adult world calmed his worries. In spite of that, it was Piggy who had been bitterly let down by the adult world, in which he had so much faith. Nonetheless, for Jack, uniform resembled leadership, a thing that he kept close to his heart. Jack and the other bigguns were introduced as some kind of creature, walking in formation behind their leader: Jack. To get his hands on authority, Jack transformed his angelic black-cloaked choirboys into his hunters. The intimidating sinister black-bird look imposed on the rest of the group was already daunting, and it slowly began to change. The wearily obedient choir simply changed one uniform for another. Their black caps slid over like berets, they had mad buzzing eyes, they had painted faces and long hair and they were camouflaged. Jack’s sense of wrong and right spiralled out of control as he donned his new mask, which liberated him from shame and self-consciousness, which enhanced his urge to hunt. Piggy first saw the conch as a hope for rules and a way of forming a small council of leadership. His superior intellect allowed him to think and make rational decisions. However, his ungainly and unattractive appearance meant that he was shunted out from all the little groups, and all his ideas were dismissed without a concern. Unlike Coral Island, Lord of the Flies shows that a band of stranded boys will no longer remain civilised in the face of hunger, but will progressively turn rude and unruly. His eminent and sensible nature outclassed every being on the island and therefore led to him being shunted out like the runt. Before summoning everybody in front of the conch, Piggy had one clear aim: to get rescued. He would do everything that his podgy hands would allow him to do, and if all the boys were to comply with his plans, they would be on the first ship back home. However, due to the lack of control and fight for leadership, any hope of going home grew faint. The embossed and delicate shell steadily grew dark and dirty as Jack’s sooty hands clasped and unclasped it. The conch was a thing of beauty that Piggy caressed and carried safely under his arms. It brought the boys together and seemingly formed a civilised society. However, it was also the destruction of reality and life outside the island. Piggy felt that his thoughts could finally be voiced and that responsibility could be taken seriously, yet Jack whom believed that Piggy talked too much always undermined him. Jack was the one who wanted rules, leaders and hunters; nevertheless, he was the first one to break them. During the course of the four chapters, his perspectives changed as he longed to hunt and kill a pig: Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood. The responsibility that came attached with headship was an added extra that Jack hadn’t bargained for. When he could no longer resist the urge to hunt, he left his duty of keeping the fire going, to rope more boys into his army and war-like chant. He only held respect for the conch because it held a purpose for him, he needed it to become leader and without it, Ralph would be in control. Many dictators mirror his thoughts, while Piggy and the conch represent democracy. The rash and impulsive manner which clouds Jack’s judgement is evident when he orders everyone to build a fire, but only then does he realise that he has no means of lighting it. Spontaneous behaviour patterns suggested that the emotions of some boys would run wild, happy would become ecstatic and angry would become infuriated. So, with the joy of seeing lavish light and feeling the burning heat, the hunters lost their senses and did not even to stop to listen to Piggy. Nonetheless, Piggy received his silent pleasure when the fact dawned on everyone in the company, that the fire had destructively burnt the rest of the firewood like a jaguar. They had lost their first chance of rescue and it dawned to many that they might not ever see that chance again. Due to Jack’s impulsive behaviour, the fire was let out and their means of rescue dwindled. Coral Island. Group and leader. Lord of the Flies. Savages and Chief. Roger’s eyelids fluttered as he felt the exhilarating satisfaction of trying to inflict pain on another human being (Henry). Roger’s nature hardly changes through the book, but it becomes more and more apparent that Roger is an evil and malicious boy. The odd few times that Roger is mentioned, his presence leaves a foggy gloom over the rest of the group of boys. Roger smiled unwillingly and nodded gravely. His solemn and daring looks give him an air of mystery. His true temperament is revealed when he starts to throw stones at Henry, but the taboo of his old life refrained him actually harming Henry. This shows that law and order still lingers around the island, but not for very long. Roger’s vindictive pleasure might overtake any sense of guilt or common sense. At the end of the fourth chapter, the crossed purposes of the main characters are clearly defined. Jack wants to hunt, Ralph wants to be rescued, Roger wants to hurt someone and Piggy wants to keep everything civilised. There is this air of joylessness about him as he smiles unwillingly and looks gravely. All his actions denote a sombre and deathly person who seems to have no warmth or emotion inside him. Samneric symbolise the wavering in-betweens of everyday society. They are what the majority of the boys thought during the entire course of the book. Instead of needing to describe how every boy felt, Golding used Samneric as a means of describing and portraying the general atmosphere. As they were able to be influenced, it is obvious that they would follow anyone who seemed particularly strong in the leadership contest. At the beginning, due to the conch, they stayed closer to law and order. Nevertheless, as everything began to digress into mayhem, they turned to the side on which they thought they would ‘win’. Their ultimate goal was to survive through the whole ordeal and if that meant siding with the more savage party, then that is what they would have had to do ‘win’. Unlike Piggy, they were willing to give up in their beliefs in the hope of coming out on top. Yet, characters like Simon and Piggy always had faith in the outside world, and both rallied to help everyone find the truth. The beacon of light represents many things in the beginning of the novel. It symbolises jurisdiction and as it disappears, things start to fall apart. Simon, shown as a Christ-like figure resembles the peace and well fare of the Christian nature. Piggy uses his understanding to try and make sure that everyone is safe and functional. Ralph wants to use the conch to unite everybody. However, Roger and Jack are shadowing the light of the creamy pink conch. Their guilty conscience and malevolence cover the right path shown by the conch and expose the depths of hell. Their only hope of civilisation without an adult is slowly retreating into the darkness of the opaque and mud-spattered conch. Furthermore, the chapter titles are an indication of how themes transform, not for the best, but in fact take a turn for the worse. There is a trace of hope with the beginning of the story being entitled The Sound of the Shell. It seems to portray that there is still a sense of civil obedience and if given the chance, the boys could lead life of structure. Yet, what we learn is that civilisation is only skin deep, and even though this scenario is set in the 1950s, its concept is ageless. Golding shows that when there is no adult-like figure or one of authority, patterns of behaviour will change. The deviation away from society was symbolised by the ominous chapter tiles: Painted Faces and Long hair, A View to Death, and finally the Cry of the Hunters. Ultimately, the novel had climaxed into a random state of sheer pandemonium. Having analysed the main characters so far in the novel, it is evident each of the different characters represents a different part of society, thus showing that the island as a whole is a microcosm of the world. It portrays how society functions with different elements causing its downfall, or for those who are optimistic among us, causing its upbringing. The boys are allegorical as they convey a symbolic significance. So far it seems that everything has begun to turn sour and the typical 1950s English audience would have been very disapproving of these changes. Jack’s continual submission from his opaque mad look made him even more sinister. As the eyes are typically thought of as the mirrors of the soul in literature, it is right to see that Jack had mad eyes, compared to the mild-mouthed Ralph. However, the thing that struck me most was the fact that nobody cared to notice the disappearance of the boy with the mulberry birthmark, until Piggy happened to mention it. This is one of the first factors that portray how no law and order had been established to keep a check of all those who were present in the surrounding local community. Enormity of the downward stroke. Jack could not possibly bring himself to kill the pig when he first had the chance; consequently he made sure that at the next opportunity, he did what he thought was necessary. He killed the pig not only out of the urge to hunt, but out of the risk of being humiliated; he didn’t want to seem soft like Piggy. Jack’s mask liberated him from shame and self consciousness and thus he was able to lead his pack (his former choirboys) in a march. As he progresses towards the murky depths of evil, Jack, like Roger shows no love or feeling. Everything he does is filled with vengeance and hatred, especially the way he venomously says ‘shut up’ to Piggy. This antipathy is continued when he usurps Piggy’s glasses and then mocks Piggy’s impairing vision. The use of language to depict Jack is always climatic, heated vibrant and imposing. He distances himself from the rest of society and also contributes to the deaths of Simo n and Piggy. At the beginning of Chapter Five – Beast from Water – Ralph knows that everyone must remain together is there is any hope of survival. Yet, nearing the end of the chapter, ambitions start to diverge and the group splits. Ralph simply cannot trust Jack any longer as he let the fire out; therefore Ralph has to resort to keeping the fire going. This initial distinction between hunt and rescue is shown by the line: two continents of experience and feeling unable to communicate. Ralph and Jack are so close, yet so far apart. They may be physically no more than a mile apart, but they are estranged in two completely different perspectives. Apart from the glimmering conch, another whiteness in the gloom was Simon. With an uncertain future waiting on the horizon, Simon had a perilous necessity to speak out and his greater natural understanding allowed him to look ‘outside the box’. He was able to see the world outside the microcosm of the island. The mystic and magical essence of his ability to see into a different dimension meant he was scorned by everyone, including Piggy. Simons heightened sense of awareness permitted him to see the beast for what it really was. Piggy’s contradictory rational nature meant that he found Simon slightly ‘batty’ to say the least. Nevertheless, Simon knew what mankind’s essential illness was and he tried to everything in his power to show the rest of the boys. Coral Island. Friendship and warmth. Lord of the Flies. Blood lust and temptation. Imagine being stranded on an island which had been taken over by a wave of friendly fire. Oxymoronic as it may be, the fire used to be friendly, once, until it was used as an instrument of vengeance. The recurrent vicissitudes lead to the destruction of the island and some of the people on it. Jack was engulfed by the notion of doing a dance and making sacrifices to solve his apparent problems, disparate to Piggy who knew of the imminent frenzy. As the basic elements of law and order break down, Roger tests the limits of leadership and friendship by standing against Jack. Even though he was in his element, when he started to act as the pig in the centre of the circle, he knew that he had to wait to reach his ultimate goal: power. The moment of Simon’s death is a significant point in the novel, and perhaps is the most important. If there had been any optimism on the island, it was in the form of Simon. His ethereality, reassurance and hushed tone of voice even made the pragmatic Piggy calm down. Coincidentally, the second Simon died; the dead parachutist leaves the island from across the mountain top. The phosphorescence gave a wraithlike message to the rest of islanders. As it ebbed away in the receding waters, the storm seemed like the lyrical death of an innocent and saintly being. The halo effect created by the minuscule flies sent out a feeling of true quintessence and integrity. Had there been a slight sliver of hope, it was diminished by the demise of the Piggy in the following chapters. Although Ralph sacrificed Piggy’s dignity by telling Jack his nickname, Ralph needed Piggy as he had the brains. Piggy was thinker and Ralph was essentially the doer. Without Piggy, Ralph would have not had the ideas, and without Ralph, Piggy could not have led a group of rowdy school boys. When first lighting the fire, Ralph to thinks of Piggy as a mere tool, but he soon realises how important Piggy us as he knows his own limitations – Only, decided Ralph as he faced the chief’s seat, I can’t think. Not like Piggy. When Ralph loses his grip in sanity, something flittered there in front of his mind like a bat’s wing, obscuring his idea; he was highly dependent on Piggy’s comfort. Piggy had an obscene importance to Ralph, as whenever he was without Piggy, Ralph would hear Piggy calling him a kid. Ralph showed he cared for Piggy by accompanying him to get his glasses back. He returns the warmth and confidence by telling Piggy: you keep right close to me. His immense shock when Piggy died was portrayed by the thought that the silence was complete and Ralph’s lips formed a word but no sound came. He even felt the alone in Piggy’s absence – There was no Piggy to talk sense. The final resentment of hatred towards the adult world was portrayed when Ralph wept for the end of innocence and he mourned for the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy. Connected with Piggy’s death is the demise of the conch. Piggy’s life ends with the conch clutched in his hands, meaning when Piggy is destroyed, law and order is destroyed as well. Piggy was the first person to see the conch, and was associated with it from start to finish. Always holding it in high regard, he was the only boy on the island who actually realised how important it was, so protecting it from Jack and Roger. He knew that it was the only thing keeping him sae from Jack’s savages. Unseemingly so, Ralph also felt a kind of affectionate reverence with the conch after Simon’s death. He found comfort as he took the shell caressingly with both hands and knelt, leaning against the trunk. Beast from Water. Beast from Air. There was always that little beastie that would creep up from the shadows when your mummy had finished tucking you into bed and left you alone to face the death-defying journey through the night, every night. Every child has his or her own fear and William Golding used the Beast to execute an intense feeling of doubt and trepidation into the minds of the boys. The darkness of man’s heart is the evil that everyone will have to overcome, yet, the consternation will differ from person to person. There was the literal beast, which Jack and his savages made ritualistic sacrifices to, in an attempt to keep it pleased. This shows that the tribe believed in the materialistic values and rites the out ancestors used to believe in. The dead parachutist symbolises how, if not given the time to think, man would return to their basic animal instincts. On the other hand, more scientific and pragmatic boys like Simon and Piggy saw through this faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade. Even though he had been ostracised because of he was in the centre of the social derision. Piggy’s supreme intellect would simply not allow him accept the ideas of beasties. Simon’s numinous temperament means that he isn’t subjugated by the Beast, like the littl’uns. The Beast is the root of all evil, and the crescendo at the beginning of the chapter showed us (by personification) that an inanimate object was taking on a human form. Simon is like the Bringer of Truth, and after he has found out who the beast really is, he tried to enlighten the whole tribe, as the personal inconvenience means nothing to him. His motivation to tell to the truth as soon as possible led him to his death. The reason the boys have been stranded on the island is because the have been evacuated from the supposed ‘dangers’ of war in the adult world. It was only by fluke that the officer happened to land on the island just in time to save Ralph from being brutally murdered. Our imagination need not be let loose to imagine the horrific events that would have followed, had the officer not whistled in embarrassment at the sight before him. The memories of ages ago would not have returned to the savages, had they not seen a sign of authority. Being only fifteen when writing this essay, I cannot say that I have had all the experience, but I consistently find that people around me try to shelter my knowledge and push me deeper into the confinements of ‘safety’. Yet, surely there has to be a limit to how far you can ground a child and hide them from the truth? As adults are able to corrupt the world in which we live in, they try to blindfold us, in the name of protection. So, aren’t you just teaching us to blindly blunder into life? I am sure that you will agree with me in saying that William Golding wasn’t a pessimist. Though the people of his time may have branded him with innumerate foul names, you must believe that he only showed the virulent realities of the human nature. So if everything in the Lord of the Flies was written by William Golding, his ideas must have a shred of credible reality. The worsening, mood, weather and scenery all contributed to the hazardous conclusion. These aspects weren’t pessimistic to say the least; they were just showing the veritable truth. Unpalatable as it may be, the truth has to be adhered to and novels like Coral Island only seem to be handing out sugar-filled table spoons of hope. Hope in a whimsical world that simply does not exist. Coral Island. Optimism, definitely, and fantasy. Lord of the Flies. Pessimism, maybe, but reality.

Most effective way to identify risks Essay

Questions 1. What is the most effective way to identify risks like those you noted in the tables? Through the use of Scenario-based risk analysis utilizing different risk factors that could arise 2. What are some important factors when weighing the depth of a formal risk analysis? How would you balance the interruption needed for depth and the need to continue ongoing organizational activity? An in-depth formal risk evaluation should be conducted which lines up with the goals and objectives of the company. There should be a clear outline of the protocols and procedures that will be utilized to attain these goals. 3. What should an organization’s risk management specialist do with the information once a potential risk has been identified? What information would be needed for senior management to know the danger of each risk and the proper way to handle the risk? Risk management specialist’s research and recommend tactics to minimize asset liability, including investigating potential asset loss incidents and enacting policies that comply with safety regulations and industry guidelines. They plan and implement programs for risk management and loss prevention. Risk management specialists generally manage other risk analysts and report to upper management in their organization. 4. How would this specialist properly prioritize these risks to make sure the most important ones were mitigated first? The mitigation of risk should be prioritize based upon their potential effects it could cause the organization. As such, all the avenues for risk should be looked into; this includes the company’s financial impact, operational consequences and legal ramifications. 5. Who is responsible for ensuring that an identified risk is addressed by the organization? What role does the analyst play? What role does senior management play? What roles do the analyst and senior management each play in addressing organizational risks? The system analyst or manager is responsible for identifying risks and making sure that they are minimized. The senior administration provides fiscal and administrative resources and helps to formalize policies to reduce risk. The senior administration and specialists collectively develop minimization methods and plans.

Hidden Faces Of A line Of Cubes

Hidden Faces Of A line Of Cubes Hidden FacesIntroduction: I need find out a formula for the number of hidden and visible faces of a line of cubes placed on a flat table. E.g. for a line of three cubes there is a total of 18 faces, 11 of them are visible and 7 of them are hidden. I will need to find a formula for a quicker way of working this out. I will draw the cubes and write up tables to help me to find the formula. I think that this is a good method because it's easy to see.I have found out a pattern. Multiply the middle cubes in each line buy three and then add eight to find out the number of visible faces e.g. for four cubes there are two middle cubes, so 2x3= 6 and then add on eight, equalling fourteen.I will now start putting my cubes into a table.Numbered structural formula of the isobutane molec...This will make it easier for me to start looking for more patterns in order to find formula.Number of cubesHidden faces Visible facesTotal faces1 1 5 62 4 8 123 7 11 184 10 14 245 13 17 306 16 20 367 19 23 428 2 2 26 48I have predicted a formula for finding the visible faces:Number of cubes - 2 x 3 + 8 = Visible facesI will now test my formula:1 - 2 x 3 + 8 = 5 CORRECT2 - 2 x 3 + 8 = 8 CORRECT6 - 2 x 3 + 8 = 20CORRECTAlgebraic form:v= 3 (n - 2) + 8My formula is correct. I devised the formula from the first pattern and I will now see if I can look for...

Food and Culture watch the vedio, answer question Assignment

Food and Culture watch the vedio, answer question - Assignment Example Due to many ethnic groupings in the region, there are also different cuisine dishes in different areas. In the video Bizarre Foods with Andrew Zimmern, there is an exclusive analysis and documentary of Andrews’ journey in Philippines and the various hotels he toured. He visits the city of Manila, where he finds the street vendors, restaurants and hotels selling all sort of meals along the beach. He is amazed at the different types of foods on sale, some of which he had not even had a taste in his life. He is attracted to some exotic food such as chicken fetuses, coconut grubs, mangrove worms, water crickets and whole baby chickens. To him such food is weird and he has never had anticipation to eat it. Such food papers so appetizing, and would eat them should I go to Philippines. Ayurvedic medicine remains one of the oldest medical systems in India. It is strong in promoting aspects of health, diet through utilization of the herbal complexes. Ayurveda puts it that food is medicine and medicine is food. Therefore, one should always eat correctly since food can act as a healing

Incident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Incident - Essay Example In the case of Ada, she must show that someone's negligence caused her son's death and the injury she suffered to claim damages under tort. With regard to Bob's death, two parties can be found liable - Charles and the organizers of the Senley Regatta. Charles has a duty of care to Bob at sea to exercise due diligence in driving his boat just as drivers on the road have a duty of care to other cars, which he breached when he crossed Bob's lane without giving appropriate signals - an act which any boat driver must be aware of. This is evident in applying the "neighbour test" in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932]2 and the three stage test in Caparo Industries v Dickman [1990]3. The event organisers, on the other hand, are also liable because they have a duty of care towards its participants and spectators. This duty of care is analogous to that in Michael Watson v British Boxing Board of Control Ltd. [2001]4, where the differences in the facts of the case are immaterial because it is evident t hat the organisers in both events both failed to put safety measures to ensure the protection of its participants and spectators. ... the claimant must be sufficiently proximate both with its relationship to the victim and with the incident itself, such that it was witnessed by the claimant in person. This view was furthered in McLoughlin v. O'Brian [1983]6, where it is stated that damages can be awarded if the plaintiff "comes upon its immediate aftermath." In this respect, Ada her sufficiently proximate relationship with Bob, was neither present during the incident nor was she able to arrive immediately at the scene and experience its immediate aftermath. To claim damages, she must therefore illustrate that unlike the case of Alcock v. Chief Constable of the South Yorkshire Police [1992]7, where there were no "depicted suffering of recognizable individuals", the satellite feed she watched on television allowed her to recognise Bob's boat, not only because she was aware he was participating in the event, but also because she recognised his distinctively coloured boat, allowing her to see the suffering of a recogni sable individual. While this claim can be risky, because it departs from conventional interpretation, she has a good chance to claim damages for nervous shock, provided that she can illustrate the substantial differences of her case. With respect to Freddie, a fireman who suffered nervous shock after rescuing ten of the children in the pleasure cruiser two of whom died in the hospital, he cannot claim damages under tort of negligence for two reasons. First, even though the rescue doctrine in Wagner v International r.r. Co., (NY) [1921]8 , 9 and in Ogwo v Taylor [1987]10 makes Charles liable to the physical injuries that Freddie may suffer as a result of the rescue; Freddie was not rescuing Charles, but one of the students, who were victims of Charles' negligent act. Thus, this makes the

On The Semiosphere by Juri Lotman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

On The Semiosphere by Juri Lotman - Essay Example Here, Lotman has successfully put forth an example which could make his complex arguments very clear to even a lay person, through the use of analogy. The allegory is easy to understand for the reader. The overall conclusion that this essay arrives at is that, â€Å"the levels of the semiosphere comprise an inter-connected group of semiospheres, each of them being simultaneously both participant in the dialogue (as part of the semiosphere) and the space of dialogue (the semiosphere as a whole)† (Lotman, 205). Lotman has started his essay by referring to the two major schools of thought in semiotics, one the Saussurian school which focuses on the ‘act of communication’ and the Piercean school which stresses on the ‘sign’, the basic, coded, element of communication (205). Then he moves ahead to point out that both these schools have some thing in common, which is the stress that they give either to a single communication act or a single sign, ie; a sing le, atomic element (Lotman, 206). By describing this background, Lotman starts a logical reasoning process by giving chronological data and putting it as a block in the very beginning of the essay.   He has argued that, in this way, â€Å"the individual act of sign exchange has come to be regarded as a model of natural language [†¦] -as universal semiotic models† (Lotman, 206).In the next step of his rhetoric, Lotman has contested this conventional thought. He has opined that, this kind of reasoning is part of the traditional and flawed scientific thinking., where one is tempted always to move â€Å"from the simple to the complex’, and whereby one gets trapped into attributing a character to the object of study, just because it provided some convenience to make an analysis (Lotman, 206). In this way, Lotman has been applying the method of logos which says that the study of communication, or

English 101 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English 101 - Coursework Example ther side, the critics strongly raise their voice to mark the nuclear power as extremely dangerous and a declining energy source because of decreasing proportion of its production. They point to the problem of storing radioactive waste that has a high risk for severe radioactive contamination and the possibility of nuclear proliferation. So it is certainly a critical debate. We can see these rhetorical effects of the positive and negative attitude towards nuclear power. Although nuclear power plants have a past record of safety and efficiency with discharging no green house gases in the atmosphere, the question is why the number of plants in U.S.A has been declined in the past few years and the percentage of electricity from nuclear power is not as high as that of other countries like Japan, France. It is said that the industry has been declined because of fierce emotional resistance to this unreliable technology that has a great potential of accidental deadly radiation. Is it merely an emotional matter to protest against this serious matter? The fact is why it would be unreliable technology when it has efficiency, sustainability and safety of operation. So it can be said that it is the misuse of this technology which can be turned in to the global threat. The most funny thing is that still there is no initiative to invent the new technology to dispose the plants’ radioactive waste. So although it is not producing green house gases but its unmannered waste is seriously dangerous for public health and safety.At last it is also mentioned that the vice president Dick Cheney emphasized on building new nuclear power plants, but it is not a fun to build new nuclear power plants in a short

Inequality In Education Major Problems In The Society Education Essay

Inequality In Education Major Problems In The Society Education Essay Inequality in education is linked to the major problems in the society. The need for studies to be done to find ways of overcoming these inequalities is very inevitable. The means of mitigating these inequalities are important for the entire world. This is something of great interest due to the fact that children need quality education which is a pillar for a guaranteed future. Equality in education will to a large extent, guarantee every human being a better position in the society (Pardeck, 2008). Causes of inequality in education range from poor government policies, capitalistic nature of society to poor management of education systems. This paper is very important as it brings out major causes of inequality and how they can be addressed. (In the introduction you could have defined what inequality in education is all about.) Discussions on Inequality in Education The past studies show that inequality in education is something which is virtually everywhere around the world. Inequality in education can be linked to the low rate of development in the society. Social problems faced in different parts of the world also point to a certain degree, the inequality in education. Education inequality brings with it problems which governments and nations have tried to solve but in vain. (Dewey, 2009). Solutions have been put forth to address the inequality in education. There are a number of issues which play a major role towards the promotion of inequality in education. For instance, tribal and racial lines used in the provision of education have been a major cause of inequality. This has brought about disparity between individuals who get quality education and those are sidelined in the process. In some countries with different races, education is provided in a manner which is unequal. This is manifested when one gender is favored in terms of the education at the expense of the other (Pardeck, 2008). When education is provided along sex lines, some groups will receive better education than others causing inequality in society in terms of economy. Another important thing is with the provision of education to the disabled children and individuals the less fortunate within in the society. In the provision of such education, individuals with disabilities are often sidelined. This has become one of the outstanding causes of inequality with the kind of in education that is being provided. When the disabled are not given the education they do require, it becomes very hard for them to have equality in education compete on equal basis with the normal people. Inequality in education has been noted in very many parts of the world and hence it is necessary to come up with appropriate solutions (this sentence is just a repetition) It is only when education has been is provided equally on equal basis to all when, can societal goals and other developments tends get to be easily realized (Joseph Russo, 2009). A number of issues have been cited which appear to escalate this kind of inequality in education patterns within the society. To begin with. One of the issues is prejudice becomes one of the which is a major tools which promote inequality within a society, and more so when it has been is bred within the society itself. This is something which breeds hatred, and so soon most often all top management shall be have engaged in procedures and mechanisms which have been aimed at compromising the achievements of others (Dewey, 2009). This means that the kind of education being passed taught into to different groups shall will definitely be unequal. and some Some racial groups and families shall be are favored by the system more than others. Another thing is that the materials for educational purpose shall be are passed across in a manner which is misguided and which favors one group of individuals than at the expense the other. The current statistics (which statistics? Show them?) show that there is a lot of inequality in education within the country (which country is this?), and such has remains something which is highly irrefutable. Over the years, some indexes (what are these indexes, you are talking about? You will be better understood if you write as over the years, inequality in education in society is best shown by the living index of the people. The higher the living index, the better their education was. Try to link sentences,) had been founded found which would effectively determine the kind of inequality within the education. To begin with, the first approach had been through the observation of living standards within the society (Banks, 2009). Mark you, the people who had been receiving the best of education over the past years have been able to have better living conditions. For instance, eighty six percent of the individuals who received quality education have prestigious lifestyles and the re maining having better living standards and lifestyles (This is a statistic, where did you get the percentages from? You need to cite this sentence). Women who had not been given appropriate education due to the existing inequality leave in sheer poverty. This has been the case with the majority of the minority racial groups. Inequality in education is something which has continued manifest even in the present days. More and more women continue to face such hardships especially when trying to give their children better education which does them right (Joseph Russo, 2009). The fact that remains is that very many people have been greatly impacted by the inequality in education. It becomes a very significant and important issue of discussion in trying to come up with basic foundations and engagements through which equality can be achieved. This will ensure that all women get the right education which in the long run improves their living conditions. Impacts of the Inequality In real sense, there has been the presentation of journal materials which have been able to provide a lot of data describing the inequality in education. There are many journals that provide far enough data that talks about inequality in education. Such materials have shown how the education system in this country (which country? Dont show you are cooking, talk about the world if you are not sure) has been very unfair and how it has been torn apart through racial lines and thus leading to failed status with the education delivery (Just write about the journals citing them. Just write Author so and so says blab bla blaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Because of this kind of inequality in education delivery, and which has been in place for quite a long time, majority of the unfortunate members of the society have been greatly impacted. This has led to failed living conditions in different parts of the world You are just repeating this point.(Banks, 2009). As well, it has become very hard to have some issues addressed such as with provision of medical services and care due to the fact that the providers of such services have been on the decline (How is this sentence related to inequality in education?). One outstanding fact is that the failed provision of education and accompanying inequality had been a major contributor to the problems in the country such as lack of medical personnel, nurses and other professionals (how). In that case, there have also been increased cases of insecurity due to increased poverty, and this has led to the proliferation of the number of criminals and robberies as well (always relate your sentences to inequality in education, like this one). Another thing is that there has been the increase if drug cartels in trying to search for ways and tactics of survival (sentence has poor grammer)(David, 2002). Basically, when there has been inequality oin education, chances are very high negative societal impacts will develop. It therefore becomes very hard to reverse such developments and as well making life very hard. This is something worth studying and coming up with solutions of addressing the inequality in education. When we talk of inequality of education, we shall see that the minority groups and wrong racial groups had always fell victims, and also the disabled had suffered in this mix of inequality (David, 2002). Basically, very many historical developments in the country (which country) have been able to define the groups and individuals who have become victims of inequality in education. It is the high time when we should change everything and come up with new foundations towards a long lasting equality in education. This will make sure that the best of living conditions have been realized for all members of the society. Basically, this issue of inequality is very important within the society as it defines the economic developments which shall be realized in the society. In that case, there should be measures and adoptions which make it possible to realize equality in the societys education system (Scovronick Hochschild, 2006). When this issue has been studied, the major causes of continued inequality shall be established, and from there it shall be possible to come up with foundations through which such weaknesses and loopholes shall be addressed, and from there realize long lasting impressions within an equal education system. What has to be agreed upon, and which proves the importance of this issue, is that any kind of education system should be viewed as something which has the power of determining the quality of life through which a given society shall live. The trick thus shall be in making sure that all the forms and functions of education systems have been appropriately monitored. This is important in ensuring that the best of education has been provided and as well make sure that all the societal issues have been addressed and as well deliver the quality of education onto the learner. The provision of appropriate education is necessary as this will make life much better for all the people within the society. This is the major reason why this issue is very important, and the reason all people within the society should be provided with the necessary tutors and learning materials which fosters quality education. Solutions to the Problem From the major studies which have been done on this issue, there have been a number of provisions and proposals which appear to adequately present solutions to this inequality in education which has been faced in the country. To begin with, the first thing which should be done is to have all schools and institutions to have tutors who are gender sensitive and who have no prejudice or favor towards one gender. Further there should be equal provision of learning materials and resources for all students regardless of the gender. This is necessary as it makes delivery of education equal and in the long run making it possible to disintegrate this kind of inequality in education which has been faced. The governments should put in place which protect girl child and make it mandatory for parents to educate all their children on equal measure. The importance of gender of gender education and equality in education should be promoted and encouraged in society.Another solution is in making sure that the government provides all the necessary financial support and material support so that there shall be any kind of inequality in the education system (Scovronick Hochschild, 2006). A proper education system can also be established which favors everyone so that the best of education is delivered. This is done by having all personnel being put in place so that the service delivery can be done in the best manner possible. It is hence the role of the government and states to fund education in a manner which promotes education provision, and by so doing making it possible to realize the best of goals in the education system. Conclusion Inequality in education is something which has been witnessed not only in this country but elsewhere. In real sense, this brings very many failed statuses in the society and the reason there should be the derivation of procedures which addresses such forms of inequality. Education is one of the major foundations of the society which promotes realization of economic goals and at the same time making sure that different individuals end up living better lives. This should be the dream of every nation towards the development of the economy.

Essays --

When most people think of dairy animals they immediately think of a cow because that’s what they are taught growing up. More recently dairy goats operations have become more and more popular because of this dairy goat products will continue to be product in demand. In 2013 there were three hundred sixty thousand milking goats with Wisconsin being number one with forty six thousand milking goats . In the United States cow’s milk is most commonly consumed milk; but worldwide its goat’s milk that is most widely consumed. Milk overall is known as a natural source of nutrients, goats milk is a popular alternate to cow’s milk with it being easier to digest. Overall goats are much more efficient than dairy cattle. They produce more for their body size, the cost to raise them is much cheaper, and the components in goat’s milk are on a much higher scale than any dairy cattle. Goats are a smaller statured animal than a cow; they are about one sixth the size of a mature cow . Goats also have a longer production span than a cow; they can produce for about eight to ten years, where as a cows average is only four to six years . On a daily basis goats milk up to nine pounds a day, for their body size they are they are producing seven percent of their own body weight a day. Comparing that average for a goat to a dairy cow that weighs about fourteen hundred pounds and produces eighty pounds a day; that means cows are only producing four point four percent of their body weight. Since dairy goats are smaller they don’t need as much feed as a dairy cow does to produce milk. For their body size, goats are slightly more efficient than cows; it takes less feed for a dairy goat to produce a gallon of milk than for a cow to produce a gallon . F... ...in B which helps with the nervous system control and is also high in riboflavin which affects growth. There are many reasons people choose to raise dairy goats. Goats may be smaller than cows but they can out shine a dairy cow any day. Goats have many positive aspects to them that many people may not know about. Even though goats are only one sixth the size of a dairy cow they produce more for their body size than any dairy cow. Since goats are smaller that means they will eat substantially less than a dairy cow does. If someone is looking milk just for a family a goat would be a better choice because of the fact that cows will produce way more milk than one family can consume. Also there are many health reasons goats milk is better for a human than cow’s milk. Goats are a blooming industry and many farmers are realizing that there is more money in raising them.

Job Satisfaction Essay

INTRODUCTION Job satisfaction is one of the most important areas of research for many researchers, and as such it is one of the most frequently studies work attitude. We observe closely that in most organizations the job satisfaction is highly depend upon employee’s performance, employee’s attitudes, organizational support & job commitment. (Muhammad Masroor Alam).We are studying about that factors which the employee is satisfied with his/her job. Some more important factors are HR management policies & relationship with co-workers. Primarily pay has been considered as the major factor for job satisfaction however other related Factors like promotion, work efforts and the importance/challenge of the job are also taken into Account. Through HR management policies increase effectiveness in employees relationship, personal communication & strong decision making. (Effects  of job satisfaction). The main objective of our research is known how different factors affect an employee during his /her job. Job satisfaction and its related factors like style of management style, leadership behavior & coworker relationship played important role to increase satisfaction level of employee. Job satisfaction is influenced by many organizational contextual factors, ranging from salaries, job autonomy, job security, workplace flexibility, to leadership. In particular, leaders within organizations can adopt appropriate leadership styles to affect employee job satisfaction, commitment and productivity.it is true to said that A satisfy employee is an important resource of employee for achieving organizational goals. High job satisfaction enhances employees’ psychological and physical wellbeing (Ilardi, Leone, Kansser, & Ryan, 1983)Primarily pay has been considered as the major factor for job satisfaction however other related factors like promotion, work efforts and the importance/chal lenge of the job are also taken into account. The banking sector in Pakistan after changing rapidly into a services sector has a lot of emphasis on its customers both internal and external. A common phrase implied in the corporate world is that satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. Customer retention is highly dependent on how employees deal with customers. Satisfied employees are more likely to be friendly, upbeat, and responsive which the customers appreciate. (Kamal) Morale of employee is also played a role as an important factor that influences the employee satisfaction. Employee morale is the spirit, or tone, of an organization. According to a January 2005 article in Entrepreneur, morale is an effect, or end result, of workplace conditions, relationships, changes or other elements. Job Satisfaction is the most common way of measurement is the use of rating scales where employees report their reactions to their jobs. Questions relate to rate of pay, work responsibilities, variety of tasks, promotional opportunities, the work itself and co-workers. Some questioners ask yes or no questions while others ask to rate satisfaction on 1-5 scale (where 1 represents â€Å"not at all satisfied† and 5 represents â€Å"extremely satisfied†). To sum up each element of the organization environment and system can contribute. To or detract from job satisfaction (William B. Werthe, 2000) Every organization tries to achieve their objectives. In this connection they must concentrate in many aspects. As human resource of an  organization is considered as an importance resource,organizations wish to keep well trai ned and effective work force. LITRATURE REVIEW Employee satisfaction is the terminology used to describe whether employees are happy and contented and fulfilling their desires and needs at work. Many measures purport that employee satisfaction is a factor in employee motivation, employee goal achievement, and positive employee morale in the workplace. Employee satisfaction, while generally a positive in your organization, can also be a downer if mediocre employees stay because they are satisfied with your work environment (Airborne) In this review we discuss that that a number of researcher have emphasized the importance of factors affecting job satisfaction. Job satisfaction involves several different spheres such as satisfaction with pay, promotion opportunities, fringe benefits, job security and the importance/challenge of the job. (Nguyen, 2000). In today’s turbulent, often chaotic, environment, commercial success depends on employees using their full talents. Yet in spite of the myriad of available theories and practices, managers often view motivation as something of a mystery. In part this is because individuals are motivated by different things and in different ways. In addition, these are times when delayering and the flattening of hierarchies can create insecurity and lower staff morale. Moreover, more staff than ever before are working part time or on limited-term contracts, and these employees are often especially hard to motivate. Twyla Dell writes of motivating employees, â€Å"The heart of motivation is to give people what they really want most from work. The more you are able to provide what they want, the more you should expect what you really want, namely: productivity, quality, and service.† (An Honest Day’s Work (1988)). Career development involves managing your career either within or between organizations. It also includes learning new skills, and making improvements to help you in your career. Career development is an ongoing, lifelong process to help you learn and achieve more in your career. By creating a personal career development plan, you can set goals and objectives for your own personal career growth. (Career Development) Colleague morale of or concerned with the judgment of the goodness or badness of human action and character: moral scrutiny; a moral quandary.  (Weekly Electronics). The focus of literature on promotion systems is their validity in predicting performance, another factor to consider is the length of time that a system will continue to be used. Over time, one would expect promotion and selection systems to be modified or replaced entirely. The cost of administering performance testing is considerable, and management periodically evaluates a system’s validity and its ability to assess employee attitudes, qualifications and perception of business need (Smith, 2007). It is worth considering why firms might use promotions for incentives. Individualistic schemes, especially ones that do not depend on job assignments, allow more flexibility in providing incentives. In other words, promotions are often used to achieve two goals simultaneously that in principle might be separated: putting employees in the right jobs, and generating motivation. Thus, it is not immediately obvious why promotions should be used as incentives. (Gibbs). An important reason that promotions are sources of incentives is worker reputation, or â€Å"career concerns† (Fama, 1980). Where does reputation come from? Often it is the worker’s history of positions or promotions which provides the greatest evidence on productivity and potential. (Waldman, 1984).Social interaction with colleagues is a highly valued job aspect for many workers. Research in psychology, sociology, and management shows that receiving affective support from colleagues and having good interpersonal relationships at work are positively associated with job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. (Sol, August 3, 2009). Social interaction with colleagues is also one of the most missed job aspects under retired workers in Australia. (Shacklock, 2005). Lastly, using time-use data for France and the US, Krueger and Schkade (2007) show that worker who are in jobs that entail more frequent interactions with co-workers are more satisfied with their jobs and in a better mood during work time. (Sol, August 3, 2009). These findings have a clear managerial implication: In their struggle to attract and retain workers, managers should strive to create and maintain high-quality co-worker relationships. Employees, who satisfy with their job, may exert high effort to organization wish to satisfy their employees for getting effective more work done. To make the best use of people as a valuable resource of the organization attention must be given to the relationship between staff and the nature and content of their jobs. The organization and the design of jobs can have a significant effect on staff. Attention needs to be given to the quality of working life. According to organizational commitment can be defined as an employee’s level of identification and involvement in the organization. Mowday et al.defined organizational commitment as a strong belief in an organization’s goals, and values, a willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of an organization and a strong desire to remain a member of the organization . Age and job tenure are significant predictors of organizational commitment. Job satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experience. It is a result of employee’s perception of how well their job provides those things that are viewed as important. Several researchers have reported mixed findings on the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. For instance, Curry, Wakefield, Price and Mueller found no significant relationship between the two. However, other researchers. Many studies use different facets of job satisfaction to predict organizational commitment. Job satisfaction is a key instrument to gauge the organizational health as service quality largely depends upon the human resources. (Crossman & Abou-Zaki, 2003). Since the transformation of personnel into HR, and its inception in the industry new concepts related to human capital has been emerging day by day. Apart from the bread and butter the organization used to act as their sanctuary and no one was much concerned about the job itself or job satisfaction. Locke (1976) defined job satisfaction as â€Å"a pleasurable or positive emotional state, resulting from the appraisal of one’s job experiences.† In general, therefore, job satisfaction refers to an individual’s positive emotional reactions to a particular job. In Pakistan the concept of HR is also flourishing day by day and employers as well as the employees are getting awareness of their rights and demands. Job satisfaction involves several different spheres such as satisfaction with pay, promotion opportunities, fringe benefits, job security and the importance/challenge of the job (Nguyen, 2000).Job satisfaction can lead to cost reduction by reducing absences, task errors, and turnover. Since work is an important aspect of people’s lives and most people spend a large part of their working lives at work, understanding the factors involved in job satisfaction is crucial to improving employees’  performance and productivity. Job satisfaction has often been linked to organizational commitment, turnover intentions, and absenteeism. These variables are costly to an organization, as they could lead to low morale, poor performance, lower productivity, and higher costs of hiring, retention, and training. (Opkara, 2002).Recent studies emphasize that job satisfaction may be an important determinant of the choice between self- and wage-employment (Blanch-flower 2000, 2004; Georgellis et al. 2007; Taylor 1996, 1999). THEORATICAL FRAMEWORK JOB SATISFACTION JOB SATISFACTION Relationship with Co-workers Relationship with Co-workers FAIR PROMOTIONS FAIR PROMOTIONS Organizational research indicates that employees develop attitudes toward such job facets as work variety, pay, promotion, co-workers, company policies, and supervisors (Johnson & Johnson, 2000;Taber & Alleger, 1995). Job design affect the job satisfaction, as jobs that are rich in behavioral Elements such as variety autonomy, task unimportance and feedback contribute to employees satisfaction. (Kamal) .Locke (1976) defined job satisfaction as â€Å"a pleasurable or positive emotional state, resulting from the appraisal of one’s job experiences.† Job satisfaction has significance towards human health both physical and mental and is positively or negatively correlated. . Satisfied employees are more likely to be friendly, upbeat, and responsive which the customers appreciate. (R. T. Mowday, 1982 New York) The purpose of study is to investigate about the relationship of job satisfaction with fair promotion & relation with coworkers of the organization. HYPOTHESIS Based on the literature discussed this study attempted to answer the following questions: 1) Increase in promotion increases job satisfaction. 2) Increase in relation with coworkers increases job satisfaction. So there is a positive relationship between fair promotion, Relationship with coworkers & job satisfaction. METHODOLOGY A sample of 60 employees was randomly selected from different education institutes & different public offices in Rawalpindi & Islamabad. Purpose of study is descriptive because we know something but exactly we want to prove this about the characteristic of employees. Convert it in exactitude i.e. Mean, Median, Mode. Sampling used in this research is convenience sampling. Different educational institutes in Pakistan were targeted in the vicinity of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. . The target audience was officer level & Teachers. . A tested questionnaire has been used with a number of variables related to job satisfaction, Promotion & Relationship with Coworkers. Questionnaires were circulated among the employers and their responses were collected. A total of one hundred questionnaires were distributed out of which sixty questionnaires were filled by the respondents, which is successful ratio in social research. The major problems faced during the data collection procedure were mostly peoples’ unwillingness to fill and not taking this as a serious research. Another problem was that employees were reluctant to write the truth as their supervisors might know and would create problems for them in future. However, once they were realized that this effort is done purely for research purposes and their responses should not bear their identity as well as will be kept confidential then they filled the questionnaires with ease. Data analysis in a quantitative research is essential as the interpretation and coding of responses can be very critical. The analysis part has been dealt with using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The questions and responses were coded and entered in SPSS for analysis followed by the interpretation of the results. The variables were coded in SPSS and certain statistical methods were applied on the data to get the results which were analyzed. In the first instance the reliability of the tool used was measured to find out whether the instrument used is reliable or not. Their satisfaction with promotional opportunities, co-workers was also compared. Linear regression analysis was employed to examine the  relationship between different overall job satisfaction, promotion and co-workers. ANOVA along with its extensions has been used for comparing means and the results. Simple correlation has also been applied to the data to find out relationships among different variables and a comprehensive regression model with its extensions is applied. Reliability Analysis In the first instant the reliability analysis using the SPSS was done to find out the reliability of the instrument used for data collection. Cronbach’s alpha is the most common form of internal consistency reliability coefficient. The value of alpha should lie between 0 and 1. * Reliability of job satisfaction is 0.645 & the no. of items is 8 * Reliability of promotion is 0.667 & the no. of items is 2 * Reliability of relation with coworkers is 0.537 & the no. of items is 4 Correlation Analysis Correlation is a statistical tool which can determine the strength and direction of relationship between two variables. The value of correlation ranges from +1 to -1 and both these values show strong positive and negative relationships. While the value 0 show no relationship. Results shows that the correlation between relation with coworkers, Promotion, Job Satisfaction. The value of correlation coefficient for coworkers & promotion with job satisfaction is 0.209 and 0.420 simultaneously, which shows a positive relationship of both variables with job satisfaction. This relationship is significant at ÃŽ ± 0.01.for coworkers & 0.110 for promotion. Promotion & coworkers are equally correlate with each other at 0.232 & level of significance is 0.074 of both. Regression Analysis The value of is 0.436, and R Square is 0.190. The value of R shows a moderate to strong positive relationship between two variables and job satisfaction. The value of R Square shows that model explains 19% variance in job satisfaction. The rest of variance is explained by other variables not included in the model. This results support our alternate hypothesis which assumed a causal relationship between our model (independent and dependent variables). CONCLUSION This research accepted that the employee’s promotion and relation with  coworkers has positive impact on job satisfaction. That is high level of fair promotion, good working condition leads to high level job satisfaction. So we accept our H1 that shows positive relationship b/w job satisfaction, promotion and relation with coworkers. There are several factors affecting employees’ satisfaction, but as a researcher we consider only two independent variables: promotion, relationship with coworkers. We take minimum sample of 60 and it take less time through less financing. The entire formulated hypothesis have been accepted, it is necessary to improve job satisfaction through promotion and relation with coworkers. Following are some suggestions given to improve job satisfaction. * Organization should develop good working condition. This facilitates employees to do their work effectively. * Organization should develop good relationship among employees. 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